A Pre-Experimental study to assess the effectiveness of iron tablet with water containing Lemon and Jaggery among anemic females in Sherpur community area Ludhiana, Punjab

 

Kaur Jagmandeep, Kanika Sharma

Associate Professor, MOH Collage of Nursing, Ludhiana, 141009, Punjab.

 

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Anemia is the clinical condition that result from an insufficient supply of healthy red blood cells to oxygenate the body's tissue adequately results in hypoxia. Iron deficiency anemia is a condition due to decreased haemoglobin synthesis. Anemia is a major killer in India. One in every two Indian women suffer for anemia 20% of maternal death are due to anemia. Objectives: To assess the pre test level of haemoglobin among anemic females in Sherpur community area , to assess the effectiveness of iron tablet with water containing lemon and jaggery among anemic females in Sherpur community area ,to assess the post test level of haemoglobin among anemic females in Sherpur community area, to find out associaton between pre test and post test level of haemoglobin among anemic females with their selected demographic variables age, dietary habits, residence, replace diet with junk food, sanitation, education, economic status in Sherpur community area . Material and Method: Quantitative approach and pre experimental research design was used and study was conducted in sherpur community area, Ludhiana. Through purposive sampling 30 anemic females were selected and HemoCueHB 201+ complies with the IVD Medical Device Directive 98\79\EC and carries CE mark tool was used for collection data. Data collection procedure was done from 24 dec to 24 jan 2019 for one month. Results: The finding of present study revealed that majority of had moderate level of Hb in pretest test. In post test after implementation of water containing lemon jaggery and iron tablet the majority of anemic females had moderate level of Hb in pretest. Replace diet with junk food had significant effect on Hb level in Post test. Conclusion: Hence it was concluded that iron tablet with water containing lemon and jaggery have significant effect on anemic females.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Anemia is the clinical condition that result from an insufficient supply of healthy red blood cells to oxygenate the body’s tissue adequately results in hypoxia. Iron deficiency anemia is a condition due to decreased haemoglobin synthesis. The normal value of haemoglobin in men is 13.5- 18.5gm/dl and in females 12-16gm/dl.¹

 

The iron deficiency anaemia sign and symptoms are pallor of eyes, irritability, fatigue, husky voice, loss of apetite, desired to have solid substance (PICA), dry nails, angular stomatitis, irritation of tongue, breathing difficulty, decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood and it affects immune system also.²

 

It is the most wide spread preventable nutritional problem in the world, despite the continuous implementation of global programs for its control. The world health organization (WHO) estimates more than 2 billion people suffer from this condition worldwide. According to National Family Health Survey has reported 53% prevalence of anaemia among women.

 

The females are vulnerable to micro and macro nutrients deficiencies. The females are particularly susceptible to anaemia because of the increase need for the dietary iron for haemoglobin synthesis when blood volume and muscle mass are expanding and to replace menstrual losses in female.³

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

1.     To assess the pretest level of haemoglobin among anaemic females in MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur community area, Ludhiana, Punjab.

2.     To assess the effectiveness of iron tablet with water containing lemon and jiggery among anaemic females in MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area.

3.     To assess the post test level of haemoglobin among anaemic females in MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area, Ludhiana, Punjab.

4.     To find out association between pre test and post test level of Haemoglobin among anaemic female with their selected demographic variables in MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Quantitative research approach.

 

RESEARCH DESIGN:

Pre experimental research design.

 

VARIABLES UNDER STUDY:

1.     Independent variables: Effectiveness of iron tablet with lemon water and jiggery.

 

2.     Dependent variables: Haemoglobin level of anaemic females.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H1:  There will be statistical significant increase in Hb level after treatment (iron tablet with water containing lemon and jaggery).

H0:  There will be no significant no statistically significant increase in Hb level after treatment (iron tablet with water containing lemon and jiggery).

 

STUDY SETTING: The study was conducted in MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area

 

POPULATION: The target population of the study was anemic females in MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area, Ludhiana, Punjab.

 

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE AND SAMPLE:

Sample consisted of 30 anemic females selected from MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area, ludhiana, Punjab. and selection was done on the basis of purposive sampling technique.

 

CRITERIA FOR THE SAMPLE SELECTION:

Inclusion criteria:

·       Anemic females of MOH College of Nursing and Sherpur Community area, ludhiana, Punjab.

·       Only females (age group 18-40 years) are choosen for study sample.

 

Exclusion Criteria:

·       Females age below 18 and more than 40.

·       Females who were taken iron supplementation therapy.

 

DESCRIPTION OF FINAL TOOL:

Part 1: Socio demographic profile

 

Part 2: HemoCueHb 201⁺ complies with IVD Medical Device Directive 98/79/EC and carries the CE mark was used to assess Hb level among anemic females.

 

RESULTS:

1.     Frequency and percentage of the anaemic females according to their pre test heamoglobin level:

The majority of females 22 (73.33%) had moderate Haemoglobin level followed by the females who had mild Haemoglobin level i.e 7 (23.33%) and severe Haemoglobin level i.e 1 (3.33%).

 

FIGURE 1: Percentage score of pre test Haemoglobin level of females.

2.     Comparision pf pre test and post test mean Haemoglobin level of females:

The pre test mean Hb value is 9.37 and post test mean Hb value is 10.9 and t value was calculated 5.9 and was found statistically significant at 0.05 level. Hence it can be concluded that iron tablet with water containing lemon and jaggery was effective in increasing Hb level among anaemic females.

 

Table 1: Comparison of pre test and post test mean Hb level of females.

S.No	group	Mean	sd	t
1 2	Pre test Post test	9.37 10.9	0.9 1.1	5.9*

*= Significant at 0.05 level

 

3.     Frequency and percentage of the anaemic females according to their post test heamoglobin level.:

The majority of females 24 (80%) had mild Haemoglobin level followed by the females who had normal Haemoglobin level i.e 4 (13.33%) and moderate Haemoglobin level i.e 2 (6.66%). Hence it concluded that post test Hb level of majority of anemic females become mild.

 

FIGURE 2: Percentage score of post test Haemoglobin level of females.

 

4.     Association of demographic variable with post test mean Hb level among anaemic females.:

·       Mean post was highest was in age group (10.86) followed by age group 18-25 yrs (12.71) and age group 26-32 yrs (10.25) was found statistically non significant at 0.05level.

·       Mean post test Hb score was highest in vegetarian (11.20) followed by non vegetarian (10.68) was found statistically non significant at 0.05level.

·       Mean posy test Hb level was highest in urban (11.1) followed by rural (10.5) was found statistically non significant at 0.05level.

·       Mean post test Hb score was highest in consuming junk food twice a week (11.03) followed by consuming junk food once a week (10.6) and was found statistically significant at 0.05 level.

·       Mean post test Hb score was highest in middle class (11.04) followed by richest (10.67) and poorest (10.65) and was found statistically non-significant.

·       Mean post Hb score was higher in secondary (11.31) followed by higher (10.97) and primary (10.50) and was found statistically non significant.

 

DISCUSSION:

The present study with regards to assess the effectiveness of iron tablet with water containing lemon and jaggery among anemic females it was concluded that pre test mean haemoglobin level of experimental group is 9.37 and post test mean haemoglobin level I 10.9 and found to be statistically significant which was consistent with findings of Sangha J.K, (2010)⁴ who conducted a study on effect on weekly iron and vitamin supplementation on anemic adolescent girls in age group for 3 months and result are found to be significant as there is increase in haemoglobin level was observed in the group supplemented in iron vitamin c. The present with regards to the post mean haemoglobin level is 11.31 in secondary education in relation to higher education i.e 10.97 and in primary education is 10.15 in experimental group which was consistent with finding of Mini Sheath (2014)⁵ conducted study on interventional trial with iron based rich ladoo and iron folic tablet in adolscents and result shown that intervention should significant increase in mean haemoglobin by 2.24g/dl and 2.28g/dl and 0.54gm /dl followed by group A, group B, and group C.

 

CONCLUSION:

The finding of study revealed that in pre experimental group the pre test score was 9.34 and post test mean score was 10.9 and the difference was found statistically significant so it was concluded that iron tablet with water containing lemon and jiggery have effect on anemic females. There was no association of mean post score of Hb level according to age, dietary habits, residence, economic status, education, only frequency of consuming junk food within week had significant effect on Hb level among anemic females.

 

REFRENCES:

1.     Sarika More, Sumeet shende. Prevalence of anaemia.’ Journal of evolution Medical and Dental Services. 2013; 65(2): 56-59.

2.     Meenal Vinay Kulkarni,. “ A cross sectional community based on anemia among adolescent girls in an urban girls.” National Journal of Community Medicine . 2012; 3(1):

3.     Verma.M,G.kumar.”Factors influencing anaemia among girls of school going from the slums of Ahmadabad city.”Indian Journal of Community Medicine.2004;24(1):76-78.

4.     Sangha.J.K.’Effect of weekly iron and vitamin c supplementation on anaemic status of adolescent girls.”Dept. of Food (3) and Nutrition. 2010;4(1):92-97.

5.     Mini Sheath, Goyal.’ Intervention Trial with Pearl millet based iron rich ladoo on haemoglobin of females in Bikand.” Ethno Med,Sci.2014; (2) 77-82.

 

 

Received on 29.01.2020          Modified on 13.03.2020

Accepted on 27.04.2020     © AandV Publications all right reserved